Today, agriculture in Uzbekistan is not only a pillar of the national economy but is also becoming a center for adaptation to global climate change and technological transformation. Reforms implemented within projects supported by the French Development Agency (AFD) are helping farmers not only increase productivity but also find their place in international markets. However, there are still certain barriers to fully realizing these opportunities.
Environmental challenges and climate adaptation
Farmers in Uzbekistan are facing environmental challenges such as water scarcity, soil salinization, and erosion. One of the key obstacles in this area is the lack of skills in adopting and applying new technologies in the agricultural sector.
To address this issue, interactive training sessions are being conducted, with particular emphasis on learning information and communication technologies (ICT) and artificial intelligence. In addition, special attention is given to improving farmers’ skills in organic production and to teaching international standards such as Global G.A.P., Halal, and GAEP, including their practical and regulatory aspects.
Energy and water efficiency
Over the past five years, climate change has significantly affected planting schedules and crop selection. As a result, “green” technologies — such as drip irrigation, laser land leveling, and hydroponics — have become the “gold standard” for Uzbekistan.
Innovation is not limited to water management; it is also expanding into renewable energy sources. The use of solar and wind generators in irrigation systems, especially in remote areas, is increasing rapidly. The data also supports this trend: as of April 1, 2026, there are 92,000 farming enterprises operating in Uzbekistan, a large share of which have already begun introducing such resource-efficient technologies.
Economic efficiency and export Potential
Many people ask: how quickly do these technologies pay off? According to estimates:
• Drip irrigation systems: 2–3 years;
• Solar panels: on average, 4 years.
In addition, environmentally friendly technologies are a key factor in accessing export markets. Products that meet international certification standards are highly valued in global markets and are more competitive.
Digital solutions and scientific approach
Today’s farmer must be equipped not only with tools but also with knowledge. Analyzing the chemical composition of soil and water, as well as replacing mineral fertilizers with organic ones, is becoming common practice.
At the same time, the use of mobile applications for agromonitoring and sensors for measuring soil moisture is gradually expanding.
New legislation and cooperation
To strengthen the capabilities of small farms, the Law “On Agricultural Cooperatives” was signed on November 8, 2024 (and entered into force on February 12, 2025). This law allows small farmers to unite in order to access larger loans, as well as jointly establish water treatment systems and processing facilities.
The role of the AFD project
The AFD project combines financial support with advanced knowledge, helping farmers develop professional business plans that meet bank requirements. This approach allows innovative “green” projects to be presented as reliable and promising investment assets for banks.
For farmers with limited budgets who aim to make their operations more sustainable, experts recommend starting with grants and non-repayable subsidies.
In conclusion, the implementation of “green” technologies, digital solutions, and international standards in agriculture is enhancing the sector’s efficiency and competitiveness.
Source: Farmers’ Council of Uzbekistan
